Softeners are a class of chemical substances that can change the static and dynamic friction coefficients of fibers. Its principles are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
Change the friction coefficient:
Static friction coefficient: When the softener acts on the fiber surface, it will reduce the static friction coefficient between the fibers, making the touch smooth and easy to move on the fiber or fabric.
Dynamic friction coefficient: At the same time, the softener can also change the dynamic friction coefficient between the fibers, making the microstructure between the fibers easy to move with each other, that is, the fiber or fabric is easy to deform. The combined effect of these two makes the textiles have a soft feel.
Lubricating effect: The softener forms a lubricating film on the fiber surface, reducing the friction and resistance between the fibers, thereby improving the softness and smoothness of the textile.
Chemical action: Some softeners can also react chemically with the fibers, such as forming chemical bonds or adsorbing on the fiber surface, thereby improving the physical properties of the fibers more permanently.